Although this guideline will clearly make some references longer than they used to be, in most cases the impact on the reference list as a whole is not extreme. We recognize that if a reference list happens to be full of references with more than 20 authors, it will end up being somewhat longer than before.
In a printed article, for example, the reference above, which has the maximum number of author names included, is about 1. In choosing the number 20, we weighed the needs of journal authors and journal editors, who have article lengths and page ceilings to consider but who also want authors to be properly acknowledged in articles and in research databases. Have you ever been a seventh or eighth or ninth author?
Let us know what you think in the comments below. Back-to-school resources for students of APA Style: edition. When and how to transliterate titles in references. How to cite translated works. Why titles have sentence case capitalization in APA Style references. Aigoo [Oh no]. Subscribe to the new APA Style monthly newsletter to get news, updates, and resources delivered directly to your inbox. Cite this. In text, use the title of the document in "quotation marks" where you would use the author's name.
For long titles, it is okay to use only the first few words. Narrative: In the Nature editorial, "On the March" , it was suggested that crowds might be "painted as hostile" p. Parenthetical: During the presidential inauguration, there were some moments of awkwardness "Mrs.
Please note: In text, the title of the article is given title case - that is, major words are capitalised. You do not use title case in the reference list. AP News. This table shows who to give as the author for various AV media types:.
We acknowledge the Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as the first inhabitants of the nation and acknowledge Traditional Owners of the lands where our staff and students, live, learn and work. It looks like you're using Internet Explorer 11 or older.
This website works best with modern browsers such as the latest versions of Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge. If you continue with this browser, you may see unexpected results. Number of authors How many authors do you have? You need to check the number of authors you have for your work, and then format your references accordingly: authors authors More than 20 authors See the tabs on this box for details.
In text, you will always use a comma after each author except the last one when you have more than two names. In your reference list, you put a comma after each author except the last one. For one or two authors , always mention the names of all authors In Text: Narrative citation: Zhang and Webb noted that students who read bilingual books performed better in vocabulary tests.
In Text: Narrative citation: Boers et al. In Text: Narrative citation: Tobler et al. Format of authors Use only initials of author's first or given names within the reference list If the author's first name is hyphenated then format as initial, full stop, hyphen and second initial. Formatting names with multiple parts: For hyphenated surnames include both names and the hyphen in the reference list and the in text citation.
For example: Jones-Smith, For surnames with multiple parts that do not include a hyphen include both names separated by a space in the reference list and the in text citation. For example: Arce Arias, A. Citations are a two-part system: in-text citations connected to reference list citations. This guide will help you create in-text citations that correlate with the corresponding reference list citations.
Follow the assignment formatting instructions provided by your professors. They often dictate which style and edition they prefer you use. If you are uncertain, it's usually best to ask them directly what they prefer. Email : ask moreheadstate. Note : In the rare case that "Anonymous" is used for the author, treat it as the author's name Anonymous, In the reference list, use the name Anonymous as the author.
If the author is an organization or a government agency, mention the organization in the signal phrase or in the parenthetical citation the first time you cite the source, just as you would an individual person. If the organization has a well-known abbreviation, you may include the abbreviation in brackets the first time the source is cited and then use only the abbreviation in later citations. However, if you cite work from multiple organizations whose abbreviations are the same, do not use abbreviations to avoid ambiguity.
When your parenthetical citation includes two or more works, order them the same way they appear in the reference list viz. No date citations go first, then years, then in-press citations. If you have two sources by the same author in the same year, use lower-case letters a, b, c with the year to order the entries in the reference list.
Use the lower-case letters with the year in the in-text citation. When citing an Introduction, Preface, Foreword, or Afterword in-text, cite the appropriate author and year as usual. For interviews, letters, e-mails, and other person-to-person communication, cite the communicator's name, the fact that it was personal communication, and the date of the communication.
Do not include personal communication in the reference list. When citing information you learned from a conversation with an Indigenous person who was not your research participant, use a variation of the personal communication citation above. Generally, writers should endeavor to read primary sources original sources and cite those rather than secondary sources works that report on original sources.
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